DISTILLATION COLUMNS
In Industrial settings such as oil refineries and natural gas processing plants, distillation columns play a crucial role to perform separation process. Distillation is nothing but a procedure in which a liquid mixture is re-established into its virgin state by heating the mixture at a required temperature.
Basic Operations
The distillation columns are made up of a series of stacked plates. The liquid to be processed, also known as the feed is introduced in the middle of the column and pass through a tray known as the feed tray. The feed tray then divides the column into a top section (enriching section) and a bottom part (stripping section).
The feed flows down the column and is collected in a reboiler at the bottom surface. The reboiler is heated at the required temperature to create vapour which again gets collected and re-introduced into the unit at the bottom of the column. The vapour moves up the column, and on the way to its exit from the top of the unit, the vapour is cooled with the help of a condenser.
TA holding vessel known as reflux drum is used to store this condensed liquid whereas some of the liquid gets recycled back to the top of the column. This process is called reflux. The condensed liquid removed from the system is known to be the distilled final product.
Some of the important characteristics of the different process distillation are as follows
Fractionation
Rectification
Stripping
Azeotropic Distillation
Steam Distillation
Extractive Distillation
Reactive Distillation
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